Participles

Participles are verb forms, which behave like adjectives. In English, you get participle by adding -en or -ed after the verb, in Finnish you add -nut or -va.

Nut-participle

Nut-participle is formed by adding the ending, nut, after the stem.

• juopunut mies
• a drunken man

Remember the vowel harmony!

• hyvin säilynyt nainen
• well-preserved lady

In plural, -nut is -neet:

• juopuneet miehet
• drunken men

If the stem ends with consonant, the -n assimilates with the previous consonant:

• olla -> ollut (to be, been)
• kävellä -> kävellyt (to walk, walked)
• opiskella ->opiskellut (to stydy, studied)
• surra -> surrut ( to mourn, mourned)

Knowing nut-participle is important, because it helps you to understand perfect tense.

Olen käynyt Ranskassa.
I have been to Franche

Va-pariticple

Va-participles are also used like adjectives, they modify the head of the phrase.

koira juoksee -> juokseva koira
a dog runs -> a running dog

All topics

• Vowel harmony
• Consonant gradation
• Verbs in general
• Personal forms
• Tempus
• Infinitives
• Verb types
• Negation
• Participles
• Nomines in general
• Nominative, genitive, partitive
• Essive, translative, abessive
• Location cases
• Pronouns
• Subjects and objects
• Types of senteces
• Questions
• Modifiers
• Derivation
• Orthography